In 1950, Erik Erikson released his book, Childhood and Society, which outlined his now prominent Theory of Psychosocial Development. His theory comprises of 8 stages that a healthy individual passes through in his lifetime, each […]
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Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction
Heralded as a pioneer in educational instruction, Robert M. Gagné revolutionized instructional design principles with his WW II-era systematic approach, often referred to as the Gagné Assumption. The general idea, which seems familiar today, is […]
Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory & Learning Styles
The humanistic and constructivist approaches to education, which emphasize that learning occurs naturally, include David Kolb’s Theory of Experiential Learning. Kolb proposed that experience was critical in the development of knowledge construction, as learning occurs […]
Theory of Multiple Intelligences – Gardner
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences was first presented in 1983 by Howard Gardner, a psychologist, when he published his book Frames of Mind. He declared that learning occurred through many types of intelligences, and that […]
Robert Gagné’s Taxonomy of Learning
Gagne classified learning outcomes into five major categories: verbal information, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, motor skills and attitudes. What is learning to Gagné? As outlined in his 9-events of instruction, Gagne believed that learning was ongoing and […]
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Together with Edward Gurst, David Krathwohl, Max Englehart and Walter Hill, psychologist Benjamin Bloom released Taxonomy of Educational Objectives in 1956. This framework would prove to be valuable to teachers and instructors everywhere as it […]
How to Create Effective Multiple Choice Questions
There are many advantages to using multiple choice (MC) questions as an evaluation / assessment strategy. They are easy to set up, easy to mark, and allow teachers to cover a wide range of topics. […]
Formative and Summative Assessment
Definition of formative and summative assessment and what is the difference between them? Assessments allow both teacher and student to (a) monitor progress towards achieving learning objectives (b) improve the teaching and learning progress. As […]
How Can We Align Learning Objectives, Instructional Strategies, and Assessments?
What is course alignment When a course is being designed, it is important to ensure that ensure that these three components of your course are aligned. In order to align various components of the course […]
Theory of Moral Development – Piaget
There are three stages in Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development. In stage one, children are not concerned with moral reasoning as they prioritize other skills such as social development and dexterity. In stage two, children […]
Stages of Moral Development – Lawrence Kohlberg
Jean Piaget introduced the idea of how moral development occurs in stages, each level built on life experiences and active reasoning. Lawrence Kohlberg furthered this idea by examining how moral reasoning changes as we grow. […]
Jean Piaget and His Theory & Stages of Cognitive Development
One of the most popular theories of cognitive development was created by Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist who believed that cognitive growth occurred in stages. Piaget studied children through to their teens in an effort […]
Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding
Vygotsky created the concept of the zone of proximal development, often abbreviated as ZPD, which came to be a central part of his theory. Language is the way that a child communicates with others after […]
Lev Vygotsky – Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development
Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) was a Russian teacher who is considered a pioneer in learning in social contexts. As a psychologist, he was also the first to examine how our social interactions influence our cognitive growth. He […]
Andragogy Theory – Malcolm Knowles
Adult education, self-direction, and andragogy Although the theory of Andragogy is a complex one, this article attempts to outline the main points of Malcolm Knowles. As educators are always looking for helpful ideas to implement […]